◆ On this day

November 9

4 sourced moments from November 9 in history: What happened on Kristallnacht, 9–10 November 1938; A cascading failure left 30 million people in the dark (1965); First Saturn V flew as Apollo 4; Apollo 2 and 3 never existed (1967), plus 1 more.

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4 things happened on November 9

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1989 History · Modern

The Berlin Wall opened by mistake on November 9, 1989

A spokesman's botched announcement opened the border overnight, but the concrete stayed up for months: systematic demolition only began in June 1990.

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1967 Space · Space Exploration

First Saturn V flew as Apollo 4; Apollo 2 and 3 never existed

The Moon rocket's 1967 debut tested all three stages at once, and its odd mission number is a legacy of the Apollo 1 fire.

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1965 Technology · Energy

A cascading failure left 30 million people in the dark

One misset relay near Niagara Falls toppled the Northeast's power grid in minutes, plunging eight states and Ontario into a 13-hour night.

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1938 History · Modern

What happened on Kristallnacht, 9–10 November 1938

Why the death toll and arrest figures differ, why Germans now say "November pogroms", and what the Nazi state did in the weeks after.

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